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[slug] => your-works [term_group] => 0 [term_taxonomy_id] => 41 [taxonomy] => category [description] => Your Works! [parent] => 18 [count] => 3 ) ) POST QUERY: POST QUERY RESULTS
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By Redazione Musica | febbraio 20, 2009

A suon di sambuco

In principio il cibo e quanto collegato all’alimentazione interessarono per il loro aspetto medico-curativo. La medicina ippocratico-galenica si basava sul principio che ogni uomo, animale o pianta avesse una sua particolare natura derivante dalla combinazione dei fattori caldo/freddo, secco/umido che dovevano essere ben equilibrati. In questo l’alimentazione giocava un ruolo molto importante perché andava a riequilibrare, laddove ci fosse bisogno, una natura troppo secca con un pasto “umido”, un corpo troppo freddo con un piatto caldo. Di qui la nascita di fortunati binomi alimentari come il melone e prosciutto e il cacio con le pere, associazioni di alimenti con nature opposte che insieme si completavano al meglio.
Qualsiasi alimento, fosse esso carne, frutta, verdura, erba o bacca aveva una sua funzione specifica e veniva usato come tale; le piante venivano analizzate nella loro interezza, si usava il fiore, la foglia, il fusto o il frutto, a seconda delle esigenze. Tra gli innumerevoli arbusti di conoscenza millenaria ve ne è uno, oggi quasi dimenticato, che anticamente ha sanato influenze e tossi ostinate, alleviato il dolore di geloni e contusioni, ha alimentato leggende e bocche assetate con i suoi fiori color panna e ha confortato, con il suo nettare alcolico, gli animi da pene d’amore inconsolabili.
Il mondo vegetale, importante per la medicina e l’alimentazione, ha più volte ispirato favole e fiabe senza tempo che ancora oggi allietano le nostre orecchie.
Il sambuco, ad esempio, ha offerto i suoi rami a miti spesso inerenti alla musica e alla magia. Il nome è di etimologia incerta ma alcuni filologi fanno derivare il latino sambucum dal greco sambyke, ovvero strumento musicale che probabilmente veniva ricavato dal legno del sambuco. Letterariamente il termine è quello di zampogna (nonostante la zampogna comunemente intesa sia caratterizzata da una sacca di pelle) e il collegamento è con la canna dello strumento da cui si soffia l’aria.
Se con sambuco-zampogna si è spesso fatto riferimento ad uno stesso strumento è interessante che il termine letterario, di raro uso, per quest’ultima sia Siringa, dal greco Syrinx. Syrinx, o Sambyke era il nome della ninfa amata dal dio Pan che però rifiutò il suo amore e per evitarlo scelse di essere trasformata in una pianta, di modo che Pan non la riconoscesse. Ma il dio, vicino ad uno specchio d’acqua, trovò i suoi rami e da questi ne fece un flauto, il sambyke (o la siringa) che portato alla bocca gli avrebbe dato l’illusione di un suo bacio.
Il suo legno è infatti piuttosto flessibile e ottimo per la costruzione di flauti, fischietti e cerbottane e una volta svuotato del midollo si ha l’impressione di una canna qualsiasi.
Un’ulteriore curiosità viene dal latino parlato, dove la zampogna ( sampogna) era sumponiam dal greco symphonia, ovvero concerto, sinfonia, a rafforzare il legame tra il mondo magico-naturale e quello musicale.
Il termine dialettale francese per indicare il sambuco è hautebois, che nel francese moderno non è altro che l’oboe; il flauto ha spesso legami con la magia, espressione di un rapporto tra uomo e natura non sempre spiegabile; nelle leggende germaniche il flauto magico era un ramoscello di sambuco vuoto e intagliato. Si ricordi ne “Il flauto magico” di Mozart, il suono del flauto di Tamino nel bosco e con questa melodia si ritorni al bosco a cogliere i frutti del sambuco, (ottimi per marmellate e sciroppi per la tosse, antinevralgici, diuretici), che in questo periodo, col finire dell’estate, stanno ancora sugli alberi.

Giulia Cuevas

Topics: Greek - Roman, History of Instruments, History of Music, MUSIC | 1 Comment »

One Response to “Sambykè, Hautebois o Siringa…”

Claudia Scroccaro Says:
febbraio 24th, 2009 at 21:16

Ciao Giulia! Che articolo interessante! Io da buona musicista ignorante quale sono… IGNORAVO tutte queste simpaticissime e curiose notizie! Grazie per aver colmato la mia gravissima lacuna!…soprattutto… da amante della sambuca qual sono è imperdonabile.